Fetal Neurology: The Role of Fetal Stress

Fetal development and growth, as well as the timing of birth is influenced by the intrauterine environment. Many environ­ mental factors causing the fetal stress can interfere with fetal development and leave long­term and profound consequences on health. Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure has primarily signifi­ cant consequences for the development of the central nervous system. In response to an adverse intrauterine condi tions, the fetus is able to adapt its physiology to promote survival. However, these adaptations can result in permanent changes in tissue and organ structure and function that directly ‘program’ pre­ disposition to disease. Cardiometabolic disorders, behavioral alterations and neuropsychiatric impair ments in adulthood and/ or childhood may have their roots in the fetal period of life. Fetal response to stress and its prenatal and lifelong consequences are discussed in this review.